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While the Agra Fort and Taj Mahal are undoubtedly the dominant landmarks in Agra, there is another equally fascinating yet lesser-known site worth visiting: the tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula. This beautiful structure, also known as the “Baby Taj” or “Jewel Box,” holds an important place in the history of Mughal architecture and is often considered the precursor to the grand Taj Mahal.

History and Significance of Itmad-ud-Daula
The tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula was built between 1622 and 1628 by Nur Jahan, the wife of Emperor Jahangir, in honor of her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, a prominent courtier and minister in the Mughal court. Ghiyas Beg held a significant position in the Mughal Empire, and his title, Itmad-ud-Daula, means “Pillar of the State.” After his death, his daughter had this magnificent tomb built, reflecting the power and influence of her family.

Architectural Features and Innovation
Itmad-ud-Daula is regarded as India’s first marble tomb and a true breakthrough in Mughal architecture. Unlike earlier Mughal structures made primarily of red sandstone, Itmad-ud-Daula was built from white marble and decorated with precious stones. This structure inspired the construction of the Taj Mahal and represents the first use of intricate inlay techniques in Indian architecture, which later became characteristic of Mughal mausoleums.

• Dimensions and Details: The tomb is set on a raised platform in the middle of a garden, adorned with intricate mosaics of semi-precious stones such as jasper, agate, and turquoise. These gemstones form beautiful floral patterns, geometric shapes, and arabesques on the marble walls.
• Play of Light and Shadow: The tomb features carved marble screens through which soft light filters in, creating a delicate interplay of light and shadow in the interior. This innovative element was later used in the Taj Mahal, giving the interior a meditative and mystical atmosphere.
• Gardens: Itmad-ud-Daula is surrounded by magnificent Mughal gardens characteristic of the period. Symmetrical canals and fountains are part of the Charbagh (four gardens) style, dividing the garden into four parts, symbolizing the paradise gardens mentioned in Islamic tradition.

Interesting Facts and Lesser-Known Details

1. Baby Taj: Itmad-ud-Daula is often nicknamed the “Baby Taj” due to its smaller size and the detailed craftsmanship that inspired the later construction of the Taj Mahal. Although smaller, its architectural perfection makes it one of the most important Mughal monuments.
2. A Feminist Monument: The tomb was commissioned by Nur Jahan, one of the most influential women of the Mughal Empire. She was not only the emperor’s wife but also a political advisor and a true power behind the throne. Itmad-ud-Daula is one of the few structures in India from this era commissioned by a woman.
3. Precursor to the Taj Mahal: The tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula was the first Mughal mausoleum to use white marble and semi-precious stone inlay, inspiring the construction of the Taj Mahal a few decades later. Although Itmad-ud-Daula is smaller, its rich details are a technical forerunner to the famous Taj Mahal.

Visitor Tips

• Tip 1: Opening Hours
  Itmad-ud-Daula’s tomb is open daily from sunrise to sunset. Morning visits are ideal for enjoying the soft light that filters through the marble screens into the tomb’s interior.
• Tip 2: Entrance Fees
  The entrance fee for local tourists is about 20 INR (0.25 EUR), while foreign visitors pay 210 INR (2.40 EUR). This makes Itmad-ud-Daula an affordable alternative to the Taj Mahal, allowing you to see a Mughal-era architectural gem without large tourist crowds.
• Tip 3: Getting There
  Itmad-ud-Daula’s tomb is located on the eastern bank of the Yamuna River, about 4 km from the Taj Mahal. You can rent a rickshaw or taxi, or walk if you enjoy exploring Agra’s less-touristic areas.
• Tip 4: Guides
  Although not as famous as the Taj Mahal, hiring a local guide at Itmad-ud-Daula is recommended for a detailed insight into its history and architecture. A guide usually costs around 300 INR (about 3.50 EUR), which is excellent value as you’ll discover hidden details and historical connections of this beautiful structure.
• Tip 5: Local Atmosphere
  Since Itmad-ud-Daula’s tomb is less crowded than other tourist sites in Agra, it offers a more peaceful experience. It’s an ideal spot for those seeking quiet and serenity while exploring history.
• Tip 6: Photography
  Itmad-ud-Daula provides many beautiful spots for photography, especially at sunrise when the light gently illuminates the marble façade and reflects off the semi-precious stones. This site is a paradise for photographers who want to capture less-known yet equally fascinating landmarks.

Conclusion
The tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula is one of the most precious jewels of Mughal architecture and a true gem in Agra. While it may not draw the same crowds as the Taj Mahal, it is a place where you can quietly appreciate technical and artistic perfection. Visiting this site is like traveling back in time, discovering the first steps toward the magnificent Taj Mahal.